Rose water distillation

Water Desalination by Membrane Distillation

Water is the most common substance in the world, however, 97% is seawater and only 3% is fresh water. The availability of water for human consumption is decreasing due to increasing the environmental pollution. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), about 2.4 billion people do not have access to basic sanitation facilities, and more than one billion people do not have access to safe ...

Comparison Extraction Methods of Essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. in Iran By Microwave Assisted Water Distillation; Water Distillation and Steam Distillation

Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a perennial herb that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is used as a food flavouring agent, and well known medicinally for its powerful antimutagenic, antibacterial and chemopreventive properties. The most applicable method for extraction of essential oil is water distillation (WD) and steam distillation (SD). It is a traditional technique which is used in most in...

Membrane Distillation for Water Recovery and Its Fouling Phenomena

The total volume of water on Earth is circa 300 million cubic miles, with close to 98.0% being salt water and the remaining 2.0% fresh water. It has been increasingly more challenging to harvest fresh water from surface water, seawater and even from wastewater due to the combination of factors, viz. burgeoning population growth, rapid industrialization and climate change. Recently, membrane dis...

[Rose is a rose is a rose].

Microbial quality of commercial rose water products in Fars, Iran

Background and objectives: Over the centuries, particular attention has been given to the beneficial properties of rose water in Iran. In recent years, the manufacturers’ successful promotion has led to the general perception that bottled rose waters are pure and safe for human consumption. However, despite defining specific quality assurance standards by the Iranian National S...